Harvard referenced essay bibliography

"The gaze, whether institutional or
individual, thus helps to establish relationships of power. The
act of looking is commonly regarded as awarding more power to the
person who is looking than to the person who is the object of the
look." - Sturken,M and Cartwright,L.,(2000) Practices Of
Looking -An Introduction To Visual Culture. Oxford:
OUP Oxford.






"'Film
has been called an instrument of the malegaze, producing
representations of women, the good life, and sexual fantasy froma
male point of view' (Schroeder 1998, 208). The concept derives
from a seminalarticle called ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative
Cinema’ by Laura Mulvey, a feministfilm theorist. It was
published in 1975 and is one of the most widelycited and
anthologized (though certainly not one of the most accessible)
articles in the whole of contemporary film theory.Laura Mulvey did
not undertake empirical studies of actual filmgoers, butdeclared
her intention to make ‘political use’ of Freudian
psychoanalytic theory(in a version influenced byJacques Lacan)
in a study of cinematic spectatorship" -Chandler,
D., (2000)
Notes on 'The Gaze'[online]. Daniel
Chandler. Available
from:http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/gaze/gaze09.html
[accessed on 10/3/2012, at 17:25]